Electric vehicle motors and industrial motors are generally a kind of motor, with the same classification and control theory and method. The difference with industrial motors is that electric vehicle motors usually require frequent starting and stopping, fast dynamic response, low-speed constant torque operation, strong overload capacity, a wide range of speed changes, and can be four-quadrant operation, to fully satisfy the function of automobile operation should also be satisfied with the comfort of driving, adapt to the environment, and so on.

Ⅰ.The difference between the basic requirements of electric vehicle motors and industrial motors

Drive used in electric vehicle motors compared to industrial motor drive, in terms of size, operating environment, reliability, power density, cooling methods, etc. There are large differences in the basic requirements of electric vehicle motor drive technology summarized below:

1, electric vehicle motors have strict volume requirements and weight requirements: because it is vehicle-mounted, so this aspect of the requirements stands out. Ordinary industrial motor for the volume size and weight is not so strict requirements, generally to meet the industrial objectives for the first purpose. Electric vehicles are different, the size and weight determine the power performance and driving experience of the car, which directly affects the quality of the product. Therefore, the difficulty of electric vehicle motors lies in improving power-weight density and power-volume density. The smaller, lighter, and more powerful the motor, the better.

2, electric car motor has unique torque characteristics: start or low speed requires ultra-high torque, and the car speeds in the fastest way to pump up to the desired speed. General industrial motors do not have such high starting speed requirements. At the same time, high speeds need to provide sufficient power, so that the car can cruise at high speeds.

3, an electric car motor has a wide speed range: the maximum speed maybe 4 times the base speed of the motor or even higher. At present, the best program for electric vehicles is better than eliminating the multi-gear transmission, only using a fixed gear gear. In this case, the wider the speed range of the motor, the better. Tesla's Model S base model, for example, has a motor that can reach a maximum RPM of 18,000 rpm, which is pretty scary. This is a very big test for the power electronic governor.

4, electric car motor has full range efficiency requirements: electric cars are not like electric locomotives powered by pantographs, electric cars are powered by batteries, and the cruising range depends entirely on the motor efficiency. With every 1% increase in motor efficiency, the cruising range can be increased by 1% accordingly. Therefore, the efficiency of the motor is very demanding. To be able to be higher is a victory, and every bit of energy should be optimized.

5, electric vehicle motors allow the vehicle to run with high reliability and stability: any situation should ensure a high degree of security, especially when the failure mode can be controlled.

6, electric vehicle motor low noise: including electromagnetic noise and audio noise, to meet the vehicle's electromagnetic compatibility and driving comfort needs.

7, electric vehicle motor cost is reasonable: for the popularization of electric vehicles, cost is always a major obstacle.

Evaluation of a motor drive system indicators are mainly external characteristics (maximum output torque and speed relationship), constant power speed range, drive system efficiency distribution map (not a certain point of efficiency, nor the efficiency of the motor body or controller alone), drive system power density and torque density.

Ⅱ.The other differences between electric vehicle motors and industrial motors

1, package size. Electric vehicle motor layout space is limited, and generally requires special design according to specific products; industrial motor space is not restricted, available standard package supporting a variety of applications;

2, the working environment. Electric vehicle motor environment mixed degree of change range (-40 ~ 105 ° C), vibration working environment violent; industrial motor ambient temperature moderate (-2040 ° C), static applications, vibration is small;

3, reliability. Electric vehicle motor reliability is very high to ensure the safety of the occupants; industrial motor reliability is high to ensure productivity;

4, cooling mode. Electric vehicle motors are usually water-cooled and small in size; industrial motors are usually air-cooled and large;

5, control performance. Electric vehicle motors have precise torque control and better dynamic performance; industrial motors mostly frequency control, and poor dynamic performance;

6, power density. Electric vehicle motor power density is higher; industrial motor power density is lower;

7, efficiency. Electric vehicle motors require high efficiency in the working range; industrial motors as long as the requirements of the rated operating point efficiency;

8, cost-effective. Electric vehicle motor cost-effective; industrial motor cost-effective general.

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